The results indicated that the factor structure was quite strong. The hads has been used as a screening tool for assessment of anxiety. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. An analysis of the validity of the hospital anxiety and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. Beck depression inventory bdi and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hospital anxiety and depression scale the hads is a selfadministered scale consisting of 14 items split across anxiety and depression subscales, each with a fourpoint ordinal response format. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. The hospital anxiety and depression scale zigmond 1983. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the. A reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression. This tool has been translated and validated in many countries and its. Frontiers symptoms of anxiety and depression in young.
Pdf assessment of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for. Rasch analysis of the hospital anxiety and depression scale among. The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid measures of. Read each item and place a firm tick in the box opposite the reply which. The hads hospital anxiety and depression scale aims to measure symptoms of anxiety hads anxiety and depression hads depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely used for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders.
Assessment of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. Hospital anxiety and depression scale patientreported. Full details of the method of construction of the hads is given. Tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. The purpose of the study was to compare the had with the beck depression inventory bdi and spielbergers state trait anxiety inventory stai. The objectives of this study were to present some psychometric properties of the hads on a large sample of french employees. The authors 1 also intended to and depression scale hads 1 was developed by define carefully and distinguish between the concepts of zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible anxiety and depression.
The first page of the pdf of this article appears above. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, acta psychiatrica scandinavica, 67, 3670. To adapt the scale for chilean cancer patients, we used the spanish version 31 of the original scale 27. Depression is difficult to diagnose in the terminally ill patient. Preoperatively the patients completed a pain drawing, the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, and a visual analogue scale vas. Factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population volume 179 issue 6 arnstein mykletun, eystein stordal, alv a. Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icfcodes b152 emotional functions description the hads is a 14item selfreport measure, with seven items forming a depression subscale and another seven measuring anxiety. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in patients with parkinsons disease pd and to assess the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in this population. The items of original hadsanxiety, hadsdepression and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression. All relevant data are within the paper and its supporting information files.
The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. Participants described emotions and thoughts depicted in the. This has can have an adverse effect on quality of life and make the palliation of physical symptoms more difficult. The anxiety and depression subscales were also valid measures of severity of the emotional disorder. Direct url citation appears in the printed text and is provided in the html and pdf versions of this article on the journals web site. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice.
To adapt and validate the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads for. Pdf the validity of the hospital anxiety and depression. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hulpgids. The had scale is a questionnaire, which has been developed to detect the overall state and severity of anxiety and depression zigmond and snaith, 1983. The result of the study undertaken for this purpose was published under the title of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet grading. One way to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression and their severity is the use of the hospital anxiety and depression scale had scale. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hadsa and a depression subscale hadsd both containing seven intermingled items. Little is known about the validity of the norwegian versions of the geriatric depression scale5 gds5 and the hospital anxiety and depression scaled hadsd. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of depression. Yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale rehabmeasures database. Anxiety and depression affect pain drawings in cervical. The respondent rates each item on a 4point scale ranging from 0 absence to 3 extreme presence. Many existing hadsd studies have used exploratory methods to select optimal cutoffs. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads rug. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The development of the visual screening tool for anxiety disorders. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care medical practice. Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04.
Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents. Pdf hospital anxiety and depression scale hads aastha. The hads was sent to 205 patients with pd, together with three qualityoflife qol instruments, i. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the geriatric depression scale in parkinsons disease federica mondoloa. The hads was developed to provide clinicians with an acceptable, reliable, valid and easy to use practical tool. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads depression only study identification tool comparator caseness population results consultation hahn et al. Evaluation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads stroke engine. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, a physician in general hospital practice said that.
It consists of 14 questions, seven for anxiety and 7. Factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population. The drawings were based on the hads which has been recommended for screening for depression and anxiety disorders in patients diagnosed. The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 810 8 7 3 1121 1 4 8 and the rating scale of any respondent who replied positively to either of these questions was discarded. Information about the openaccess article the hospital anxiety and depression scale in doaj. The hospital anxiety and depression scale or hads is a questionnaire used to screen medically ill patients for anxiety and depression, and was designed to exclude physical symptoms that could possibly be caused by medical illness. Responses are based on the relative frequency of symptoms over the past week.
Nicola holtom and jennifer barraclough palliative medicine 2000 14. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. You are advised to consult the publishers version publishers pdf if you wish to cite from it. Hospital anxiety and depression scale score is an independent factor associated with the euroqol 5dimensional descriptive system in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A secondary aim was to examine the factor structure of the had. Thirteen drawings based on the hospital anxiety and depression scale depicting symptoms of anxiety disorders and depression were drawn. Here, the authors assess and compare the diagnostic accuracy of 2 established screening instruments. There is also a lack of psychometric evaluations of the. A two dimension scale developed to identify depression and anxiety among physically ill patients. Consisting of a 14item questionnaire, it can be used within hospital outpatient, primarycare, and community settings for all age groups from adolescence upwards. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in hospital outpatient medical clinics.
A 14item scale divided into two subscales, anxiety and depression, each one comprising 7 items depression for even items and anxiety for odd ones. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and the 9. The hospital anxiety and depression scale had was evaluated in a swedish population sample. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. Drawing on clark and watsons 16 tripartite theory of anxiety and. Construction of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads the study was conducted in the setting of a general medical hospital outpatient clinic. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was administered to 50 1665 yr old medical patients and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety. The pain drawing was evaluated according to four established methods, now modified for cervical conditions.
Psychometric properties of the hospital anxiety and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Scores of 07 in respective subscales are considered normal, with 810 borderline and 11 or over indicating clinical caseness. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and quality of. This is a sample version of the hospital anxiety and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a selfadministered measure used to screen for the presence of depression and anxiety. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. The hads is widely used but has shown ambiguous results both regarding the factor structure and sex differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of the questionnaire. This may not be the complete list of references from this article. Available in 115 languages and therefore suitable for researchers internationally. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel. Anxiety depression summary the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting. In an effort to improve the detection of depression, many palliative care teams are using the hospital anxiety and depression had scale as a screening tool.
Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads useful. Introduction the depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd has been recommended for depression screening in medically ill patients. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, hds page 2 of 4 4 i can laugh and see the funny side of things as much as i always could 0 not quite so much now 1 definitely not so much now 2 not at all 3 5 worrying thoughts go through my mind a great deal of the time 3 a lot of the time 2 not too often 1 very little 0 6 i feel cheerful never 3 not. We carried out a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial, comparing cervical disc replacement to fusion for radiculopathy related to degenerative disc disease. It is used extensively in france, but has never been the subject of a full study in a population at work. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springer. Assessment of the structure of the hospital anxiety and depression. Often, these studies report results from a small range of cutoff thresholds. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. The hospital anxiety and depression scale directory of. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been translated and widely used in several countries to assess. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord.
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